JOHANNESBURG - South Africa's ruling ANC will push for greater state involvement in mining and land ownership to address inequalities inherited from apartheid that pose a "grave threat" to Africa's biggest economy, President Jacob Zuma said on Friday.

Speaking at the end of a week-long African National Congress (ANC) policy meeting, Zuma said the capitalists who became rich under white-minority rule still held a disproportionate sway over the economy 18 years after its demise.

"If we continue in this way, our gains of democracy will be put at risk because those who feel the pain will say 'Enough is enough,'" Zuma said.

Mining firms in the world's largest platinum provider had to do more to create jobs and alleviate the poverty that is fuelling almost daily unrest in sprawling black townships, posing long-term risks to South Africa's stability, he added.

However, in his hour-long address, Zuma made no mention of nationalisation as a solution to the sector's social short-comings, suggesting a blanket state takeover of the mines - the economic backbone of the state - has been shelved.

Instead, the ANC, which has enjoyed solid parliamentary majorities since taking power in 1994, is looking at windfall taxes on mining companies to fund redistributive social spending.

"The state should also capture an equitable share of mineral resource rents and deploy them in the long-term interest of economic growth, development and transformation," Zuma said.

He also said Nelson Mandela's former liberation movement, which turned 100 this year, wanted to bolster the power of a recently created state mining firm, although - as with much of the speech - he offered few details.