Nairob — At a church compound in Nairobi's Mathare slum, women and their children line up for food rations. Among them is Zipporah Mueni, an HIV-positive mother of five.

"I have come here to receive food which I will share with my children," said Mueni, whose husband was killed during the post-election violence that followed Kenya's 2007 presidential election. "My church is like my husband now."

The church also runs a health programme that provides Mueni and many others in her community with antiretroviral (ARV) treatment.

"This is a slum and everybody here is poor, but we decided that there were some who were not only poor but also widowed or living with HIV," William Aketch, pastor at the Free Pentecostal Fellowship Church in Mathare, told IRIN/PlusNews. "We designed a programme with members of the church to bring whatever little they can get every Sunday in terms of food or things like soap to share with such people and it has been helpful."

Faith-based organizations (FBOs) provide an estimated 30-70 percent of healthcare in Africa, says the health NGO, The Capacity Project.

"Faith-based organizations already have a rapport and trust with the local community to quickly respond to and access populations of humanitarian concern; [they are] able to use their networks to quickly pass messages and track those in need," said Rena Geibel, co-author of a recent study of faith-based NGOs working in emergencies by the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), a UK-based think-tank.

Other humanitarian actors often ignore FBOs in the HIV response, despite their positions of trust in many communities, which is a costly mistake, says Fiona Perry, co-author of the ODI study and global HIV/AIDS adviser for World Vision, an FBO.

The study found it was crucial for humanitarian workers to understand the role of FBOs in providing key services and to work with them to help maximise their HIV response.

However, in some cases, churches polarize communities by supporting one side in a conflict and only assisting people from certain ethnic groups.

In addition, ideological beliefs can interfere with the HIV response. "When you look at the church community, there is an over-emphasis on morality; this makes many people who are HIV-positive unwilling to come forward because they believe that it makes them appear immoral," said Aketch.

"What happens in situations of conflict, for example where women and children are raped, should be a starting point for changing people's - especially church leadership's - beliefs that HIV goes to those who are immoral," he added. "How is a woman who gets HIV because she has been gang-raped immoral?"